The First Winter Review

   It was an interesting observation of how the majority of the people spent their first winter. You see how they weren't completely prepared as they thought they'd be. The harsh winds and the huge amounts of snow that covered the vast land. Everyday for the Irish family was a struggle. The mother was holding onto the children since the father had to leave to make money in the lumber industry. Their food was very basic with only poorly salted pork, potatoes and anything else they could scramble. As I've also before, since they weren't completely prepared for the winter, the mother dies pneumonia. So the sister had to struggle to maintain the family with the little brother while father's gone. The emotional and physical toll was heavy. It was practically a miracle they survived their first winter. It was truly a remarkable way to portray the first settlers life with their first winter. Though some have survived, many of them weren't as blessed the others.

Economy and Development of Contemporary Period

Economic Development

• Before the 19th century, Canada used to base its economy on the timber, agriculture and fishing industries.
• Then in 1850, they industrialization started to break forth rapidly in the country, with the new birth in the 20th century.

The Primary Sector

• Agriculture wasn't making that much progress in the 19th century anymore.
• In the 1930s,  mechanization of farming was made.
• There were many different changes in the agriculture development.
• There were groups such as diary production, animal husbandry and market gardening.
• Family-run businesses were being taking over by small or medium-sized enterprises.
• New resources were being noticed.
• At the end of the 19th century, mines were being opened; extracting different types of ores.

The Secondary Sector

• In the 19th century affected industries as they now started to make everyday necessities like leather, shoes, clothing, tobacco, and food.
• New industries started to come forth making new things.
• There was processing of pulp, paper, and wood.
• Ore processing was definite factor.
• Chemical products and transportation were vital.
• Since the 1970s, the secondary sector started to decrease because of the competition.

Hydroelectricity

• Resource products were mainly backed up by hydroelectricity.
• Quebec had a major natural advantage of it because of its waterways.
• Starting from the 1920s the waterways like St. Maurice, the Saguenay, Ottawa, and St. Lawrence rivers were being used for the hydroelectricity development.
• In 1963, the Government of Quebec made Hydro-Quebec and took control of the whole province's sale.
• They started making projects in James Bay, Manic-Outardes, and La Grande (later Robert-Bourassa).
• Quebec was and still the world leader in hydroelectricity.
• The Robert-Bourassa was the largest underground station in the world.
• Hydro-Quebec attracted top energy consumption industries as clients, giving more competition in electricity rates.
• Building those large hydroelectric stations caused some natural disasters.

The Tertiary Sector

• Throughout the 20th century, the tertiary sector was increasing rapidly.
• Administration and finance was becoming more popular opening a new line of occupation: the office worker.
• Consumption, retail activities, and retail chain stores were increasing so much.
• The making of social measures opened doors for the government to make more jobs in the area of social services, health, and education.
• Tourism and leisure even aided in that sector.
• All of those fields were mostly centered in the urban center.
• The pay wasn't very high because it required few qualifications.

Concentration of Capital

• Production was concentrated in the small number of companies.
• Some were so powerful, that there was no competition.
• They made monopolies and even made their own dominant social class called the industrial burgeoisie, who were mainly Anglophone.
• The banks even became essential.
• Many big businesses borrowed from banks.
• So the capital was dependent on the banks.
• After World War I, the U.S. and Canada ties started to grow while that of Great Britain decreased.
• America helped in the development of natural resources in Quebec.
• Though it helped the economy and industry, they became dependent to the United States.
• The American dependency lasted until later into the timeline.

Economic Cycles

• Quebec had prosperous and recessive moments.
• In the 20th century, their economy increased greatly, but due to the overproduction crisis, many industries just crashed.
• Products weren't selling, factories were closing which came forth unemployment, and consumption decreased.
• The Great Depression hit Quebec even harder in the 1930s causing the income to drop 37%.
• Thanks to World War II, its economy flew up with its production of weapons, ships, iron, steel, transportation tools, and even chemical products.
• War industry had many openings for jobs.
• The baby boom increased the wages, employment, and population.
• The economic growth went on for thirty years.
• The prices, especially the oil, hiked up, causing unemployment again.
• Interest rates went up and caused debts in families.
• Recessions kept going on and off in 1991-1992 and 2001-2002.

Government Economic Policies

• Before the economic depression of the 1930s, the State barely took care of the public economy.
• They were mostly concerned about the encouraging enterprises to build transportation infrastructures, providing investments, and and creating beneficial regulations.
• During the Great Depression the government encouraged agricultural colonization to destroy the unemployment.
• They started offering mortgage loans with low interests with their new company called l'Office du credit agricole.
• Thus, the Bank of Canada was made 1934.
• The federal government started making programs such as unemployment insurances and family allowance.
• Through that the recessions decreased.
• After 1960, during the Quiet Revolution, the Government of Quebec became more involved in the economy and created state corporations.

Foreign Trade Policies

• The Americans didn't want to renew the free trade treaty for a ten-year period.
• Even though it wasn't really strong enough, they started to make their own internal trade to keep it going.
• They've made their first Prime Policies.
• They encouraged immigration to increase the population.
• Improved railways transportation for a better connection to the people.
• Impose custom tariffs of 25% to 30% to protect Canadian industries.
• Though it was a big success at first, during the 20th century, a reduction of tariffs were asked and so they signed the North American Free Trade Agreement with the U.S.

Work Relations

• Industrialization made a new class called the working social at the end of the 19th century.
• Unions were made and were illegal until 1872, so the government made laws for them that couldn't be broken.
• There were problems especially since the Royal Commission Investigating revealed the terrible working conditions, but the federal government didn't care.
• The Government of Quebec adopted their first real work legislation in 1885 called the Provincial Manufacturing Law.
• Still, there were problems with the legislation, so they made better wages, vacation pay, pension funds, and social benefits.
• However, it didn't really become official to every group and there was still a sense of division;
• The growth of employment in the tertiary was so great, that throughout the 20th century, training and education was mandatory and vital.

Economy and Development of British Rule

The Decline in the Fur Economy

• British merchants travel to Montreal for fur trade.
• British merchants overtake and use French Canadians.
• Supplies in fur trade increases.
• Hudson's Bay Company receives supplies from Rupert's Land.
• Many merchants for the Northwest Company.
• Competition with the Hudson's Bay Company and Northwest Company was intense.
• The Northwest Company started expanding the territory.
• The companies combine but with the name Hudson Bay.

Expansion of the Timber Economy

• In the 18th century, Great Britain received its wood supply from northern Europe.
• Canada's competition was a challenge because of the high prices in transportation.
• In the beginning of 19th century, in 1806, French Emperor Napoleon made a continental blockade against Great Britain.
• Great Britain now turned to Canada for supplies.
• The timber industry started to become a prosperous aspect in the economy.
• Commercial ships boarding in the St. Lawrence port increased.
• Lower Canada took care of the manufacturing with lumber.
• New trades gave the wood industry a major importance.
• New jobs, colonies and incomes were made.
• The food industry was made.

The Transformation of Agriculture

• Great Britain started to buy food from Canada.
• Upper Canada made wheat.
• Lower Canada was cultivating other crops such as oats, potato, barley, and hemp.
• The growth of animal husbandry and dairy production was vital.
• Forest development was important in agriculture as well.

The Beginning of Industrialization

• The 19th century was when industrialization was emerging.
• It started from apprenticeship to salaried workers with less training.
• The companies were to hire more unskilled workers with a low salary.
• Industrial capitalism was being formed as well.
• Competition between small entrepreneurs.
• Urbanization skyrocketed insanely.
• Montreal's population was increased rapidly.

Economy Policies

• Protection policy for the timber industry runs in favor.
• Great Britain disliked its policy.
• With the policy disbanded, it affected Canada badly.
• Canada and the United States became new partners.
• Great Britain signs a treaty for deliver of raw between the U.S. and Canada.

Transportation Infrastructure

• Transportation infrastructure were needed because traveling on the Great Lakes region became more difficult.
• There was the Eerie Canal, the U.S. threatened to bring it to New York.
• Canada started to make their own transportation infrastructure.

The Canals

• The Lachine Canal on the St. Lawrence River became a huge industrial zone.
• Rideau Canal was connecting with the Ottawa River to Lake Ontario.
• The Chambly Canal on the Richelieu River which was at St. Jean.

The Railroad

• Railroad was just as important as canals.
• In 1836, the first was connected from South Shore of Montreal to St. Jean sur le Richelieu.
• In 1848, another one was connected from Montreal to Portland, Maine.
• In 1851, there was one from Sarnia, Ontario to Montreal and Riviere-du-Loup.

Economy and Development of New France

The Economy of Fur

• French made trading fairs with Amerindians.
• The Hurons-Wendats were the biggest fur suppliers.
• The Five-Nation Iroquois competed to get something from the fur trade.
• The Five-Nation attacked and destroyed Hurons-Wendats.
• French had to go to Algonquin territory personally.
• They started making licenses with 25% of everything that you made.

The Company System

• Created monopoly in trading industry.
• Sharing profits and lost in proportion in what they invested.

Hudson's Bay Company

• Pierre-Esprit Radisson and Medard Choart Des Groseilliers tried to make fur trade in Hudson's Bay.
• They had no support with the French, so they went with British and made the Hudson's Bay company.
• Many land and sea battles between the French and British ever since its creation.

Expansion of the Territory

• Searching North America for fur.
• Traveled the territory in waterways.
• French and British always in conflict to protect their commerce.

The Beaver Crisis

• Anything related to fur was getting old and was losing interest.
• Fur was piling up so the king demanded to stop the fur trade.
• In 1715, it regained its popularity after being ruined by rodents and insects.

The Economy of New France Before 1663

• France and trading companies had different views on enriching New France.
• The trading companies tried to convince the king to make settlement in New France.
• Samuel de Champlain made a paper describing how prosperous they could be.
• It was all focused on fur trade until 1663.

Agriculture

• Agriculture was the main attraction in the French regime.
• More cultivated lands, more population.
• Children started getting from grants made by lords.

Attempts to Diversify the Economy After 1663

• Some intendants tired to diversify New France's economy.
• Jean-Talon tries to make New France independent with self-production.
• Agriculture diversification came when wheat cultivation was added.
• Little workshops were created.
• Breweries started to form in the economy.
• Naval shipyards were also used to transport surpluses.
• Exporting was expensive but indeed useful through out the 18th century.
• Agriculture still remained the foundation of its economy.

The Currency

• Currency in New France was modeled from France, pounds.
• Animal pelts, wheat, cards were used when cash ran out.
• During 1760, Canadians found it hard to get their money back as they've only received one-fourth of their actually value.

The Obstacles to Diversification

• Scarcity of specialized labor, higher cost in production than France, and weakness of local market affected the new industries.
• Metal was only shipped from France.
• There was a lack of carpenters, so better pay was used to attract them.
• Economy diversification was encouraged by France because it was afraid of the competition.
• Though many opening of small businesses fail, some were successful such as the tanneries and shoe workshops.

Economy and Settlement

Geographic Distribution of Economic Activities

• Four main regional pillars: resources, central, National Capital, Montreal and Laval
• Resources region: processing and exporting
• Central region: manufacturing and services
• National Capital and Montreal and Laval: dealing with urban sectors and tertiary sector

The Role of Business

• Private businesses is core of Quebec's economy
• 75% of population work in private businesses
• Small and medium-sized enterprises make up most of private businesses

The Importance of Exports

• Quebec exports +$150 billion of goods and services
• About 60% of 53.3% of its production are transported to different countries
• Around 30% of its employment connected to exports
• Majority of exports center in industries belong in secondary sector (processing metal, making transportation parts, etc.

Exporting Issues

• Searching for opportunities with foreign countries to make commercial partners
• Making agreements, constructing foreign-based economic missions while making protogés
• Competing against rival businesses with low pay and environment laws aren't being forced upon
• Quebec tries to level up the plain field with technology, good, and service
• Invest in its research and development field and increase training newcomers

Employment and Unemployment

• Satisfactory economic so unemployment is relatively low
• The unemployment affects all of society
• Government helps raise up employment, they in return don't waste goods
• Quebec's unemployment is 10% less than Gaspesie-Iles-de-la-Madeleine
• Education is an important aspect in employment. Higher education, better jobs and less unemployment

Population Since Confederation 2

Population Distribution In The Province
   During the late 20th century, people started to leave the farmlands as the industrious age started expanding. Now eighty percent of the Quebec's population started to live in the cities. Throughout the years, people just kept on departing the rural areas to have a better life. Also, the city dwellers who preferred to have a life that has more quality and relaxing, they moved into the suburbs. Now most of the fertile lands were used for houses in the suburbs.

Development Of The Regions
   Throughout that period of time, the government was trying to not just attract more immigrants, but to keep others from emigrating. They started opening up lands for the people to make a nice living with the opportunity to grow some products. Thus the population in Saguenay Lac St. Jean, Bas St. Laurent, and Temiscamingue with the Laurentians and Abitibi started to increase during the 19th century. Even during the economic crisis in the 1930s, Quebec was open to all unemployed people to live in any land they want. Then after the second World War, Quebec started to focus more on the natural resources such as mining and hydroelectricity. The hydroelectric work sites were Nord-du-Quebec and Cote-Nord. Abitibi-Temiscamingue and Gaspesie were where they took care of the mining.

Population Since Confederation

French Canadian Emigration
   There was an amazing exodus that happened between 1870 and 1930. Quebec, you can say, was going through a hard time. So ever since the construction of the first trans-Canada railroad, they started departing from Quebec more often. Some of them traveled to different province, but many of them immigrated to New England in the United States. Day by day Quebec's number of immigration was diminishing. It came to a point that 10% of its own population left. About 700,000 French Canadians emigrated to New England from 1870-1930. Then, in the 1930s, there was the Great Depression, which shutdown the coming of new immigrants and departing of all new emigrants.

Immigration Diversification
   From the birth of the Canadian, in 1867, the government lead by John Macdonald, they started to discuss each other about how they're going to either establish an immigration policy that'll either be open or close to all. Then from the end of the 19th century, the government accepted many nations. Most of them came from eastern Europe and Great Britain. It literally brought so many immigrants up to 4,600,000 of them. Then from the 1920s during the Depression and World War II, Canada started to become selective with their immigration. Even though after the World War II they opened the immigration policy again, they were still very selective with the nations. They mostly accepted people from Great Britain, France, and Italy immigrated to Canada. Some of them escaped persecution, the catastrophe of the two world wars, and the improper balance of the political aspect and poverty. Throughout the time, Quebec were more picky when it came to choosing people. In the effort of keeping the French language, they only accepted people who are francophone.

Relationship With Natives
   Their relationship with the Natives wasn't truly a cooperative one. Though there was the Indian Act, which said that they could stay in their property, there was still a lack of respect from the Canadians. There were times when they also they make land negotiations without consulting the Natives when it involved their lands. The Natives made demonstrations to prove a point that they're also human. So throughout the years, the relationship between them have been getting better.

Life Expectancy
   The life expectancy back then was very low. In other words, mortality was very high. They didn't really know about germs so everything was used either multiple times or just let things lie around. People were catching diseases that today are easily pushed out. So throughout the years in the 19th century, they started making vaccines to fight those diseases. Since it was an experimental project, people were paid to try them out. People died during those early times through milk as well because it wasn't pasteurized. Then starting from the 20th century, the health of the people increased. From then on until now, they have one of the most highest life expectancy ever.

Evolution of the Birth Rate
   Unlike Canada\s other provinces, Quebec was basically a baby-making province. At the end of the 19th century, there was such an increase in the birth rate, especially in the countryside. The main reason was for making more farmers in the farming business. But during the beginning of the 20th century, the birth rate decreased because of the industrialization and cities were becoming more come. Then from 1945 to 1960, there was a major baby boom period. Thousands of babies kept coming out. However, ever since the knowledge of controlling the birth of children, the birth rate just decreased tremendously.

How The Population Diversified Under British Rule

The Merchants

   The merchants changed the aspect of the trading business. They were the British and Scottish who were attracted into the fur business. They became administrators and started bring people into the country of New France to expand the business.

The Loyalists

   The Loyalists were basically refugees from the United States who fled because they were still loyal to Britain. Some of them fled to Quebec who remade the territory. Most of them were farmers who settled in the Gaspésie, Sorel, and the St. Lawrence River. Then they transformed the cities into townships called the Eastern Townships.

Increase From 1815
   After the war against the French, the British witnessed many amounts of problems. The population increased tremendously, thus unemployment increased as well. There were almost habitual outbreaks of famines and epidemics. So the British government encouraged the people to emigrate to its colonies. One of them included Canada. The people who emigrated there were the Irish, Scottish, and English. They kept coming in until the beginning of the 20th century. They settled in places such as Quebec City, Montreal, the Eastern Townships, Outaouais, Gaspésie, and on the south shore of Montreal. Thus creating a whole new breed of people living in Canada.

Great Britain's Immigrants Policies
   Because of the emigration of its people, the British government started funding for their settlements in Canada. It lasted for ten years because it started to be too costly. So then throughout the time, there were private companies who started to publicize Canada. They started to advertise and attract immigrants to certain places. Thus, the government didn't take care of the migration inside Canada; it was considered an internal migration. This made Canada population increase as they kept spreading.

Contagious Diseases
   Though the immigration was aiding the population for the British, it caused such negative and devastating consequences such as the spreading of contagious diseases. In the 1830s, the British brought cholera. At that time it was a deadly disease due to primitive thinking of vaccines and preventive treatments. In 1832 alone, Quebec City lost more than 3,000 people. That amount was 10% to 15% of the country's population. They had to them in quarantine in Grosee-Ile, which was 48 kilometers away from Canada. However, sadly, it didn't end the diseases and the epidemic outbreaks.

Grosse-Ile
   Like i mentioned from last my paragraph, Grosse-Ile was a placed where the extremely people stayed. They were put there to be examined, but because of the lack of medical knowledge, they were just left to die. Many of them were Irish who fled from Ireland because of the potato famine. 90,000 people, mainly Irish, died because of the cholera epidemic disease. Since the ships were unsanitary, they didn't have the immunity system to fight it. Another disease, called the typhoid, killed 8,000 people.

Religious Diversification
   Because of the British regime, the majority of the people were either Protestant or Jewish. Some of the British, mainly the Irish, were Catholic. Out of all the people who came from Britain, the Irish were the immigrants who came the most. Due to the fact that they were Catholic, they mostly inhabited in the French community.

The French Canadian Population
   The French Canadian population was there, but scarcely. They were mostly put in a corner, Quebec, and lived there amongst themselves. They were truly part of the minority category because of the British people. Though they are minority, the Irish also integrated with the French because of their common religion. Besides that, there was nothing else that could be taken care of.

The Native Population
   Surprisingly, they were truly a nationality that started having less affect on the country bit by bit. There were Natives, but they were mostly kicked out of the territory the British were in. During the British regime, it seemed as if they weren't diversifying, but they were disappearing.

Population and Settlement French Regime: The Settlement of Canada

   The development of the population of the French was very slow and low and because people weren't really fond of going to a place that's practically life threatening. Some of the dangers included crossing the Atlantic, winter's harsh cold, or the harassment of the Iroquois. There weren't really any forms of attraction to the desolate place. Many of the immigrants that traveled to New France were just men who came mainly for business or to aid in the battles with the Iroquois. Some of the men came with their spouses to aid in the population growth. Even the religious societies made young girls marry men by the hundreds. But it wasn't enough for New France to make it grow. New France had more than 3,000 people, but about 1,850 people were immigrants while the rest were natives.

   So the king of France, out of the advice of his finance minister Jean-Baptiste Colbert, started to make a plan to cause a huge multiplication in the colonies in New France. the king sets up intendants in this new project he is in the process of making. Jean Talon, the first intendant, put his focus on making the women, craftsmen, merchants, farmers, many other beneficial people to be more attracted to New France and making it more populated. So he made three parts in the project of making New France population vast: indentured servants or engagés, soldiers, and Les Filles du Roy.

   The engagés were people who were apprentices in occupations like woodworking, building, ship transporting, clothing and textile crafting, and working on the blacksmith art. They were very inexperienced so they would usually be hired by employers and be given a deal to be under their rule for thirty-six months. Then when it's done, they'll be in the degree of a "master craftsmen." Since it was hard to find a job in the French region at the state, so they would be sent to New France with a large amount of money and the state of a seigneury.

   The soldiers were in charge of containing the Iroquois from destroying the settlements. They are given much respect and power in what they do. They were paid to an extreme amount. They had many possessions of land. The higher ranking soldiers were given a seigneury. They were given high values from the people because they were the one that protected the colony when needed.

   The Filles du Roy who were women who the king encouraged to get married and go to New France. They were mostly orphans and other young single women that the king chose. The king would gave them a dowry and fifty livres to help in her stay in New France. Since was a numerous amount of men, they could choose any one they so desire. They preferred men who had an employment with a nice house. Because of the immigration of all those women there was 4,450 children already born.

   Because of those plans people started to become more attracted to New France. The land was affordable with the economy being more stable. The fur trade became more profitable. Many people even in the military retired for the commercial business. It was truly a huge breakthrough at that time.

   Seeing how the people were slacking off with producing more people, Jean Talon started to make laws. He lowered taxes for new families with babies. The more babies they had, the lesser the taxes they were. If anybody didn't have babies at a period of times, they'd receive really expensive fines. They helped with the payment of houses and land. He made sure that people got married and impregnated. There would be for just as a minimum nine children in a family. Because of that the birthrate was risen up to a high level. It was recorded as one of the most highest birthrate in the world. The population of New France raised up to the thousands in just one century.

Population and Settlement French Regime: Canada's Colonization by the French

   While the Natives were in the North American region, the French started to have an open mind to expand their territory, especially since there was a huge rivalry with England. Though England was reigning over the monarchy of power, France was trying to find a northwest passage that could lead to Asia. Then after a while they couldn't find a passage, they still were trying ways to "get rich quick." Then when they started to fix their eyes on the West. They took New France (Canada) as their new territory. They took it as if it was theirs because the Natives were considered as beasts who needed saving then as people.

   Then, from the start of the 17th century, the settlement of the French became permanent and the first European settlement that was successful. Samuel de Champlain, the prime minister of New France, started to make connections with some of Natives. One of them was the Amerindians who were trading in the St. Lawrence River through the narrow streams. Thus came the name "Quebec" came from the Amerindian word meaning narrow. Then Champlain sent Sieur de Laviolette to make a second settlement to flourish the nation of New France while stopping the Iroquois from stopping their trades. Then another pioneer settler for the French named Paul Chomedey, Sieur de Maisonneuve, started another settlement. It started out as a way to reach out to Amerindians, but then throughout the years it became a major trading post.

   France had a few ties with the Native people. Their alliances were made with Innu, Algonquians, the Abenaki, and the Hurons. Because of that, the Iroquois Five Nations declared war against them. Seeing how it only caused more blood then benefits, they signed a a treaty called The Great Peace of Montreal. Thus it caused New France to be more secure. Ever since the French came, the Native people started to get all sorts of diseases. One of the most tragic records because of the French's disease was when more than half of the Huron population people was eradicated.

   As I have said in the first paragraph, they considered the Native people as beasts. They've even tried to assimilate the people and make them have the same type of governing laws as they did. Even though they had an alliance they never bothered to ask them for any form of opinion on anything. They've even made purchases of territories with Native people in them with regarding their presence. Thus the population of New France in Canada started to expand, but it all came with a price.

How The Native People Occupied The Territory Before The Europeans' Arrival

The Native People's Entrance.

• Came about 30, 000 years ago.
• Some spread out throughout.
• Different types of people came different ways.

The Native People In Upper North.

• There was about 25,000
• Iroquoians lived in St. Lawrence Valley. About 1,500 to 2,000 inhabitants
• Algonquians lived in Canadian Shield and Appalachian Mountains. Very few people.
• Inuits lived as nomads around the Hudson and Ungava Bay. Very few as well.

Relationship Between Native People

• Though they lived everywhere, they were very close with each other.
• They had many trading relations
• There was many conflict between each other.
• They've caused a lot of damage to each other.

My Response To The Charter

   Personally, I think that it's a very bold and dumb thing to do. Quebec is already inhabited with many ethnic and religious cultures. It's insane to just turn it all around in just one day. I mean, they might as well turn it into a communist country! There are so many people who believe in different things and wear the symbols of who they serve proudly. I don't know if it's for the economy problems or whatnot, but I feel like they either rushed this through, or cause a religious war.

   This reminds of the George Zimmerman case. As soon as he was "proven" guilty, there were riots everywhere. Especially in the ebony community. Even though it was a barbaric moment, it displayed the emotion of how they felt about the case. In relation to this subject. I have a feeling that something like that will happen, actually even worse. Muslims, Jews, Buddhists, etc, will truly make a huge mark in all worldwide history. The effects of the charter will be very severe. It'll probably cause a huge riot in that could damage the economy and province itself.

   I have three point in how it'll affect Quebec destructively. The first one is economically. There are many different races who take up many places in the jobs of Quebec, and they usually represent something to show who or what they represent. Once that charter becomes effective, many people can and will leave. The jobs that used to be occupied by different religious people will be gone. How will the economy will stable if the people that helped make the money disappear? Quebec will no longer have a stable way of taking of their land and will end up bankrupt.

   My second point is cultural wise. Before different nations came over, Quebec used to be just a one-people nation. Even most of the Indians gave in to the white people's ways. But ever since people from other nations came, Quebec became one of the most cultural place ever, filled with Asians, Africans, Spanish, and so much more. But that charter has now put a barrier to its cultural development. In other words, it's degrading. The flavor that spiced up the Quebec society will now die because of that charter. The French law in schools is already causing trouble for the people. But now I believe that it'll be the last straw. Because they're not able to express their religious freedom. They'll either revolt or just disperse from the land. It'll no longer be a colorful place. It'll just be a dull. French area.

   My last point is provincially. Why do I say that? Because in this day and age the majority of people are of different nation. There's at LEAST mixes from the Quebec people and other nations. They were raised with the family's views. Once you take away what they know, Quebec will lose itself. People will no longer want to live in place they can't represent who or what they serve. Quebec will truly lose itself. There will no longer be immigrants who will want to live there.

   That's my response to this ridiculous act. Even IF they've thought of it millions of times, they didn't think about it enough. Because they WILL lose people twice as fast it took for the dwellers in the 16th and 17th century to gain.

Here are some of the links that responded to this stupidity.
1. http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/09/17/top-10-responses-to-quebec-s-charter-of-values.html
2. http://www.thestar.com/opinion/letters_to_the_editors/2013/09/14/quebecs_charter_of_values.html
3. http://ca.news.yahoo.com/blogs/canada-politics/rest-canada-wrong-quebec-values-charter-165553414.html
4. http://ca.news.yahoo.com/blogs/canada-politics/pq-minister-says-quebec-values-charter-won-t-183121463.html
5. http://globalnews.ca/news/829961/new-slogan-seems-to-take-on-quebec-charter-of-values/

Adventurers and Mystics

   In this video we see the many great accomplishments and disasters that took place in New France (later Canada). I can see the similarity with the Aztecs and Spanish when Hernan Cortes discovered Mexico. Captain Cortes was ordered by the king of Spain to go to the New World. His famous discovery was when he arrived at Mexico with his men. When they arrived there, he saw that not only were there people, but there was immeasurable amounts of gold and jewels. The people over there, the Aztecs, saw him as a god-king and worshiped him. They started having a type of relationship that involved beneficial acts for everyone. Captain Cortes feared that they would betray him so he kidnapped their leader, Moctezuma II, and asked for a bounty. Later on, they rebelled and attack the Spanish. It triggered one of the most infamous massacres recorded in history. This massacre caused the extinction of this nation as the Spaniards slaughtered everyone of them. Thus, Captain Cortes became the governor of now called Mexico. There's been many coup d'états and betrayal for the power and greed. The lust for power came and rushed through their veins as each person Captain Cortes was in battle with. It ended up causing more bloodshed. Hernan Cortes truly had such a terrible life. Though he was wealthy, it all came with a price that he had to pay.

When The World Began Part 7

   In this video, this reminds me of the time when slavery was a very popular thing in the United States. Though most slavers were cruel and mean to their slaves, there were a few who were kindhearted and gentle. Like the slaver, Dr. King Schultz. in the movie Django Unchained. Though he was at first a slave, they became partners, then they became like brothers. Although in the movie Dr. Schultz gets killed and Django goes out in a killing spree, it just shows that at the end of the day people can change. The relationship that used to be from slave to master, turned to be from father to son or brother to brother.

When The World Began Part 6

   In this video you see that the French were truly dysfunctional people. In Transformers, you have the Decepticons who were acting as the good guys with the rich people in the company, promising them riches and success if they follow them. However, even though they received great resources in Earth, they still wanted to abolish and destroy this planet, making it their own. They were deceiving others and saying just do this and that, and everything will be fine. But at the end of the day, it was all just to get the land that they wanted.

When The World Began Part 5

   This part of the story I can see it as the famous Marvel comic X-Men. The normal humans come to the Professor X's Institute and see the new things over there. They check out the school and see how the mutants are like them, but they have different abilities. They took some of them to the army and to the normal side of the human society to see what they are and to explore the new world. However, they soon got to be afraid of the mutants and tried to even use them as weapons. So they even try to put spies in the school to study the place and its people. Now there was a conflict, a distrust in the midst of the people. It lead to an all out extermination of all the mutants.

When The World Began Part 4

   This video was like an introduction to the Europeans, and how they would cope with the Native Americans. It is very similar to the history of the United States. They came into a land that was already occupied with people. Though some of the Europeans were loving and kind to the Indians, most of them either killed, robbed, or manipulated them. It was truly a sad and bloody story because of the greed of the "White" men that history was FILLED with war. Though they claimed that it was the land that God gave them, their way of owning the land was cruel and almost caused an extinction of the Natives.

When The World Began Part 3

   In this video, it explained mainly the ways of the warriors and their art of respect and honor. For example, during the time in World War II, there was definitely prisoners of war. Let's say the Japanese army captured an American solider. He would be put through many tortures to see if he'd spill anything out about his country. The solider must stay strong and not reveal anything to the enemy. He must display of an act of courage, even if it means death. If he doesn't give them what they want, they kill him. When War's done, they do a huge ceremony for everyone who died, especially those who were killed by torture. They receive an honorary burial and respectable grave.

When The World Began Part 2

   For this video it explained the story of the Blackfoot Indians and their religion. Their religion and story of their "origin" of the men and women is actually similar to the Creation from God. How He made everything perfect. How He breathed into man from the ground and came life. Besides the point when their god called Nappi said that he did a mistake with the men and women, it was almost a similarity and very creative.

When The World Began Part 1

   In the first video, settlers from Europe wanted to know how the Native Americans came to North America. This could relate to the fictional story of Superman. He came from Krypton, an unknown planet that's galaxies away. When he came, people from his story wanted to know who was he. They tried to figure out where he came from and what was his origin. They even tried to find his planet, realizing that it was destroyed. They started wondering and later realizing that Earth wasn't the only planet with life. They figured out that there's such thing as aliens. They just don't know how.

Social and Cultural Aspects common to All Native Societies

   Like I said in my first paragraph, the Aboriginals and Native Americans had mostly different dialects, not really languages. In a way they understood each other and thus lived together peacefully. Socially they were really friendly. They would consider each tribe they've tied with as brothers. Culturally, they all don't have the same thing, but overall it's pretty much the same thing. The men and women's roles were the same as the laws and rules in their land. Each one has their own way of making their land unique. That's why their cultures were unique but also in a common ground.

Cultural Consequences of Encounters With Europeans

   When the Europeans came to the land of the Native Americans and Aboriginals, it caused a big cultural problem. Though some came for peace and to coexist in the land, there was too much a background difference for the both of them. The Europeans cut down trees to make houses, while the Native Americans preserve trees as they consider part of the natures beautiful assets. The Europeans hunt with guns, while the Native Americans hunt with spears, arrows, and darts. The difference in the cultures was too much. The Europeans came to ta point they sought to take over the land by using manipulation then force.

Roles of Me and Women in Iroquoian and Algonquin Society

   The men were pretty much the providers of the land. They were the ones who did the hard labor and and supplied the food for the family, They hunted and fished whatever they find that is in their culture. They were also the leaders of the clan that was appointed by the Clan Mother. Even though the men have the power, women were the ones who really ruled the land. As I mentioned earlier, the Clan Mother was the one who appointed the chief of the clan. She could also revoke his leadership if he wasn't abiding in the correct standards. The women were the one who chose their men. They took care of the house chores. They played a very big important role in the village.

World View of Native People

   When the French saw the people for the first time, they thought of them as savages and wild beasts. At that time, the Native Americans and Aboriginals were viewed as just disgusting creatures. They were viewed as people with no ethics and culture. Some have even called them demons of the land. The world of those people were very harsh, but it wasn't all true. They were really civilized and peaceful people. They consider life and everything in it precious. They don't take war as a habit but as a last resort. The stereotypes in those times were very harsh because of what they saw.

Linguistic Families and Territories

   The people in the 1500's of Quebec were Aboriginals and Native Americans. They were composed of different tribes and bands. The languages were more like dialects. Each tribe and/or family had their own way of communicating. The way they've divided their communities is actually unique. Since they first came to the land of Canada, they just settled into whatever land they chose and made it their home. Even though there are just different dialects, you could say in a way they were familiarized with each other. History doesn't really have a specific date and how they got their. Through observation they saw that most likely, they crossed the Bering Strait. Though they were called savages, they were actually a pretty civilized people, for their primitive knowledge.